商用锂离子电池快充降解及热失控特性研究

taptap下载安装安卓学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 27-32.

商用锂离子电池快充降解及热失控特性研究

周晓猛 a，b ，蔡金乐 a，b ，郭一博 a ，廖云龙 b

taptap下载安装安卓 a. 民航热灾害防控与应急重点实验室；b. 安全科学与工程学院，天津

300300

收稿日期:2023-04-29 修回日期:2023-06-21 出版日期:2025-04-09 发布日期:2025-04-09
作者简介:周晓猛（1975— ），男，山东济宁人，教授，博士，研究方向为清洁高效灭火关键技术、先进热安全材料制备及评价技术
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3010200）

Study on degradation and thermal runaway characteristics of commercial

lithium-ion battery fast-charging

ZHOU Xiaomeng a, b , CAI Jinlea, b , GUO Yiboa , LIAO Yunlong b

a. Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response;

b. College of Safety Science and Engineering, CAUC, Tianjin 300300, China

Received:2023-04-29 Revised:2023-06-21 Online:2025-04-09 Published:2025-04-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为识别快充老化因素对锂离子电池工作及热安全性能的影响，首先，本文采用 1C/2C 充电速率对商用 18650

锂离子电池开展循环老化试验，表征电池的容量衰减、电化学阻抗、工作升温等特性。其次，在自搭建的热失

控平台上，对比新鲜和快充老化后的锂离子电池在热失控行为、温度特性等方面的差异。结果表明，锂离子

电池老化过程是非线性的，呈现 3 个阶段的变化，对应于不同的老化机制；提高快充速率会导致电荷转移

阻抗、欧姆电阻大幅增加；2C 充电速率老化的锂离子电池循环寿命迅速缩短，且在循环期间出现异常放热

行为，其在充电阶段的最高表面温度达到 75 ℃，这不仅导致电池容量衰减加快，还提高了热失控风险。热

失控测试结果表明，老化锂离子电池热失控延后，热失控温度更高；受快充老化因素影响的锂离子电池具

有更好的热稳定性，但热失控过程更加危险。

关键词:

锂离子电池安全, 快充, 热失控, 老化降解, 循环寿命

Abstract:

To identify the impact of fast-charging aging factors on the operation and thermal safety performance of lithium-ion

batteries, this study first conducts cyclic aging tests on commercial 18650 lithium-ion batteries using 1C/2C charging rate to characterize capacity decay, electrochemical impedance, operating temperature rise, and other characteristics of the battery. Secondly, on the self built thermal runaway platform, compare the differences in thermal runaway behavior and temperature characteristics between fresh and fast-charging aged lithium-ion batteries are compared. The results show that the aging process of lithium-ion battery is nonlinear, and presents three stages corresponding to different aging mechanisms. Increasing the fast-charging rate leads to a significant magnify in charge

transfer impedance and ohmic impedance. The cycle life of lithium-ion batteries with 2C charging rate aging shortens rapidly, and abnormal heat release behavior occurs during the cycle, and the maximum surface temperature reaches 75 ℃ during the charging phase, which not only accelerates the capacity decay of the battery, but also increases the risk of thermal runaway. The results of the thermal runaway test show that the thermal runaway of aged

lithium-ion batteries is delayed and the temperature of thermal runaway is higher. Lithium-ion batteries affected

by fast-charging aging factors have better thermal stability, but the process of thermal runaway is more dangerous.

Key words:

lithium-ion battery safety, fast-charging, thermal runaway, aging degradation, cyclic life

中图分类号:

TM911

周晓猛 a, b , 蔡金乐 a, b , 郭一博 a , 廖云龙 b.

商用锂离子电池快充降解及热失控特性研究

[J]. taptap下载安装安卓学报, 2025, 43(1): 27-32.

ZHOU Xiaomeng a, b , CAI Jinlea, b , GUO Yiboa , LIAO Yunlong b.

Study on degradation and thermal runaway characteristics of commercial

lithium-ion battery fast-charging

[J]. Journal of Civil Aviation University of China, 2025, 43(1): 27-32.

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