基于 THUMS 的垂向冲击下航空乘员腰椎损伤研究

taptap下载安装安卓学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 1-9.

• 民机安全性与适航 • 下一篇

基于 THUMS 的垂向冲击下航空乘员腰椎损伤研究

taptap下载安装安卓 a.科技创新研究院; b.中欧航空工程师学院; c.安全科学与工程学院，天津 300300

收稿日期:2024-02-08 修回日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2025-09-22 发布日期:2025-09-22
作者简介:石霄鹏（1987— ），男，天津人，副教授，博士，研究方向为冲击动力学和客舱安全
基金资助:
天津市教委科研计划项目（2022KJ070）

Research on lumbar spine injury of aircraft occupants under vertical impact

based on THUMS

a. Research Institute of Science and Technology Innovation; b. Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering;

c. College of Safety Science and Engineering, CAUC, Tianjin 300300, China

Received:2024-02-08 Revised:2024-05-15 Online:2025-09-22 Published:2025-09-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在航空器坠撞冲击下，腰椎损伤是影响航空乘员（简称乘员）生存能力的关键因素。本文旨在研究乘员在垂向冲击载荷下的人体腰椎损伤情况。首先，利用高精度数值假人 THUMS（total human model for safety）研究了冲击载荷加速度的加载峰值和加载时间对乘员腰椎生物力学损伤的影响；其次，分析了 THUMS 和 Hybrid Ⅲ假人在垂向冲击工况下腰椎动态响应的差异；最后，从细观角度研究了乘员腰椎的生物力学损伤。研究表明，速度变化量不变时，随着加速度的加载峰值增大，乘员腰椎轴向载荷峰值增幅较大，腰椎弯矩峰值增幅较小。乘员腰椎轴向载荷峰值与能量积累的速度正相关；加载时间过短时，惯性效应限制腰椎屈曲，导致腰椎弯矩较小。 L5 截面处腰椎轴向载荷最大，L1 截面处腰椎弯矩最大，乘员腰椎损伤评估要综合考虑轴向压缩力和弯矩的影响。从生物力学上看，腰椎的皮质骨和关键韧带的损伤风险最大。

关键词:

数值假人, 动态冲击, 腰椎损伤, 乘员保护, 生物力学

Abstract:

Under aircraft crash impacts, lumbar spine injury is a key factor affecting the survival ability of aircraft occupants

(abbreviated as occupants). This article aims to investigate the lumbar spine injuries of occupants under vertical

impact loads. Firstly, the high-precision numerical dummy THUMS (total human model for safety) was used to

study the effects of loading peak and loading time of the impact load acceleration on the biomechanical injuries

to the lumbar spine of occupants. Secondly, the differences in lumbar spine dynamic response between THUMS

and Hybrid Ⅲ dummies under vertical impact conditions were analyzed. Finally, the biomechanical injury of the

occupants′ lumbar spine was studied from a microscopic perspective. The study showed that with change of constant velocity, the peak value of axial load of the occupants′ lumbar spine increases greatly with an increase in

loading peak of acceleration, while the peak value of bending moment of the lumbar spine increases little. The

peak value of axial load of the occupants′ lumbar spine is positively correlated with the speed of energy accumulation. When the loading time is excessively short, the inertia effect limits lumbar flexion, resulting in a smaller

bending moment of the lumbar spine. The largest axial load of lumbar spine appears at the L5 cross-section and

the largest bending moment of lumbar spine occurs at the L1 cross-section, the assessment of lumbar spine injury

of occupants should comprehensively consider the effects of axial compression force and bending moment. From

a biomechanical perspective, the risk of injury to the cortical bone and key ligaments of the lumbar spine is the highest.

Key words:

numerical dummy, dynamic impact, lumbar spine injury, occupant protection, biomechanics

中图分类号:

V223

石霄鹏 a , 李培瑶 b , 郭凯 c , 崔书瑞 c , 解江 a.

基于 THUMS 的垂向冲击下航空乘员腰椎损伤研究

[J]. taptap下载安装安卓学报, 2025, 43(4): 1-9.

SHI Xiaopenga , LI Peiyaob , GUO Kai c , CUI Shurui c , XIE Jianga.

Research on lumbar spine injury of aircraft occupants under vertical impact

based on THUMS

[J]. Journal of Civil Aviation University of China, 2025, 43(4): 1-9.

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基于 THUMS 的垂向冲击下航空乘员腰椎损伤研究

Research on lumbar spine injury of aircraft occupants under vertical impact

based on THUMS

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